Second-hand Goods in Global Trade: Affordability, Small Business and Cross-Border Modernization

Second-hand goods have become a major force in global trade, supporting affordability, small businesses and more sustainable consumption. But policies designed to address high-volume e-commerce shipments may inadvertently capture legitimate recommerce, where goods are often unique, low-value, and sold by individuals or small businesses.

This white paper explains why second-hand trade deserves distinct treatment and offers a risk-based path forward. By tailoring requirements, recognizing the unique nature of second-hand goods, and expanding trusted trader frameworks, governments can strengthen enforcement while preserving the economic and environmental benefits of reuse.