Technology, particularly the Internet, is causing a significant shift in the way that international trade is conducted. Working with external economists, our team at eBay Inc. has spent the last four years researching this phenomenon.

Our research has uncovered a new segment of traders that is significantly different from traditional traders. The Internet and technology-based services are enabling these businesses, typically small businesses that we will call Technology-Enabled Small Businesses, to directly reach consumers in many global markets, without large scale physical operations or necessarily integrating into larger supply chains. The Internet provides instant access to over 2.6 billion people around the world; the services that sit on top of the Internet allow for low cost development, marketing, and financial services; and global logistics providers enable delivery of physical products directly to consumers in any country. These developments are transforming the face of the global trading regime.

This white paper will describe the tremendous shift that technology is causing in the international arena by focusing in on Canadian small business entrepreneurs that are using eBay Marketplaces to expand their businesses globally. This article also discusses the unique trade issues those entrepreneurs face. The economic analysis of eBay data was conducted in collaboration with economists Simon Schropp and Andreas Lendle of Sidley Austin LLP. The research findings are complemented with an assessment of the macro and micro-level trade policy implications.

Through the power of the Internet and technology, small businesses are able to reach beyond a local consumer base and access global markets like never before.

Commerce 3.0 is the term we use to describe this coming together of online and offline worlds and the merging of local and global markets. The idea that technology-enabled small businesses can maintain a local presence while providing goods and services on a global scale points to a novel and exciting story, particularly for those engaging in trade policy.

International trade has traditionally been the privilege of the largest players. This is changing. The Internet creates a truly global network. Combining it with technology solutions and services enables merchants and consumers to connect and establish trust across national and cultural borders.

The analysis in this report is based on research by Sidley Austin LLP on two datasets from eBay and PayPal, respectively, and follows research conducted in the Asia Pacific, United States and Europe.

The eBay data covers all eBay sales by Mainland China sellers from 2007 to 2013 (unless specified otherwise). ‘eBay Commercial sellers’ are defined as those with annual sales of USD10,000 or more.

The PayPal data relates to PayPal China commercial sellers’ transactions from 2007 to 2013 (unless specified otherwise). ‘PayPal Commercial sellers’ are those with annual receipts of USD50,000 or more.

Internet-empowered small businesses and entrepreneurs are able to overcome some of the traditional barriers associated with international trade. But some barriers remain while new ones arise as large corporations are joined by small firms and entrepreneurs on the global stage.

This report will provide several ideas for consideration to overcome these challenges.

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